How is archival data best described?

Archival data is best described as information contained in public records. This type of data is typically historical in nature and is stored in a manner that allows for future access and analysis. Archival data can include a wide variety of records, such as government publications, legal documents, records from research studies, and other documents that have been preserved over time.

This answer emphasizes the notion that archival data is readily available for research purposes, and it indicates a formal, organized collection of data. The use of this data can be critical for various types of analyses, including social research, retrospective studies, and evaluations of policy or program outcomes.

The other options provide descriptions that do not capture the essence of archival data comprehensively. For instance, while archival data can be information from a large number of individuals, it is not limited to just that. Additionally, while some archival data may be difficult to locate, it is systematically organized, making it more accessible than the term "hard to find" implies. Finally, although surveys can generate valuable data, they specifically describe primary data collection methods rather than the established, preserved resources that archival data represents.