Qualitative data gathering can include all of the following EXCEPT:

Qualitative data gathering primarily involves methods that seek to explore the complexities of human experience and behaviors through non-numerical data. This can include techniques such as key informant interviews, focus groups, and listening sessions, which allow for in-depth discussions and insights into participants' perspectives, feelings, and motivations.

Key informant interviews rely on the expertise or insights of individuals who have significant knowledge about the community or issue being examined. Focus groups facilitate discussions among a small group of participants to elicit a range of opinions and experiences regarding a specific topic. Listening sessions provide a platform for community members to share their views and experiences in a more open, informal setting, fostering a rich dialogue.

On the other hand, hospital records are outlined as quantitative data sources. They contain numerical and structured information about patient care, treatment outcomes, and statistics that do not typically provide the detailed narrative that qualitative data offers. Therefore, they do not fit within the qualitative data gathering techniques, which focus on subjective analysis rather than quantifiable metrics.