Qualitative research typically uses which of the following methods for data collection?

Qualitative research is characterized by its focus on understanding human experiences, behaviors, and social contexts through in-depth analysis rather than numerical data. The correct answer involves methods that allow for a profound exploration of participants' thoughts and feelings, which is fundamental to qualitative inquiry.

Observation enables researchers to gather data in natural settings, providing insight into real-world behaviors and interactions. This method allows for the collection of nuanced information that can be difficult to quantify. Open-ended responses, on the other hand, invite participants to answer questions in their own words, leading to rich, descriptive data that reflects individual perspectives and experiences.

In contrast, other methods like quantitative surveys and standardized testing are more structured and rely on predefined responses, typically yielding numerical data rather than qualitative insights. Social media analytics might provide valuable information on trends and behaviors but often lacks the depth of understanding that qualitative data collection methods like observation and open-ended responses can provide. Thus, focusing on participants' personal experiences and contextual understanding through the chosen methods places qualitative research firmly on the path to gathering meaningful and insightful data.