What does 'data' refer to in a research context?

In a research context, 'data' specifically refers to facts and information gathered systematically. This definition emphasizes the importance of structured methods in collecting information that can be analyzed for patterns, trends, and conclusions. Systematic data collection can involve various techniques such as surveys, experiments, or observations, ensuring that the information is reliable and valid for research purposes.

The essence of data in research lies in its objective nature; it is typically quantifiable and can be subjected to statistical analysis to draw meaningful conclusions. This contrasts with opinions, personal anecdotes, or mere random collections of statistics, which may lack the rigor and consistency necessary for scientific analysis. In essence, quality data collection is foundational to producing credible research findings and making informed decisions based on empirical evidence.