What type of consent requires a signature only from individuals who do not agree to participate?

The correct answer is passive consent. This type of consent implies that individuals are considered to consent to participate in a program or study unless they actively refuse. In passive consent scenarios, participants do not need to provide an affirmative signature or indication of agreement to take part; instead, their participation is assumed if they do not respond or opt-out.

This method is often used in situations where obtaining active consent from every individual would be impractical, such as in large-scale surveys, educational programs, or community initiatives. The focus is on simplifying the consent process, although it's important to ensure that individuals are adequately informed about what participation entails.

Active consent, on the other hand, requires explicit agreement from individuals who want to participate, meaning they must provide a clear indication of their willingness to be involved. Informed consent is a broader concept that ensures participants are fully aware of what they are agreeing to, including potential risks and benefits. Explicit consent usually refers to a clear and definite affirmation from an individual about their participation but does not apply in contexts where non-action is interpreted as agreement.