Which region of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions?

The cerebral cortex is the region of the brain primarily responsible for higher cognitive functions. This part of the brain plays a crucial role in a range of complex processes such as reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, and abstract thinking. It is involved in controlling voluntary movements and integrates sensory information to enable perception and awareness. The cerebral cortex is divided into different areas that specialize in various functions, including language, memory, and emotional regulation, which are integral to advanced cognitive tasks.

In contrast, the brainstem is involved in regulating basic life functions such as heart rate and breathing. The cerebellum is primarily associated with coordination and balance, focusing on the timing and smoothness of movements rather than higher cognitive processes. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions and hormone release through its control of the endocrine system but is not directly associated with cognitive functions.