Which sedative hypnotics are used therapeutically to produce sedation and relieve anxiety?

Benzodiazepines are the correct answer because they are a class of medications specifically designed to produce sedation and relieve anxiety. They work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor in the brain, leading to a calming effect, muscle relaxation, and an overall sense of tranquility. This makes them particularly effective for treating anxiety disorders and for facilitating sleep.

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed due to their rapid onset and effectiveness in reducing anxiety symptoms. Medications like diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan) highlight their therapeutic use in both short-term and long-term management of anxiety and insomnia.

While barbiturates are also sedative hypnotics and were once widely used for similar purposes, they have largely fallen out of favor in clinical practice due to their higher risk of overdose and dependence compared to benzodiazepines.

Morphine is an opioid used primarily for pain relief rather than anxiety or sedation. On the other hand, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) is a central nervous system depressant that has been associated with recreational use and potential for abuse but is not typically used as a first-line treatment for anxiety